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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ORIGANUM VULGARE PLANTS AND ESSENTIAL OIL FROM WEST SIDE OF ROMANIA

Monica Negrea

Abstract

Oregano, (Origanumvulgare), known in our country as bumblebee or marjoram, belonging to the Lamiaceae family and is used as spice or medicinal plant. This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition, antifungal and antioxidant properties of Origanumvulgare plant and oil.The chemical composition of Origanumvulgareplant samples were performed using the official AOAC methods in the laboratories of the Interdisciplinary Research Platform of BUASVM from Timisoara. Alcoholic extracts of Origanumvulgareplant were analysed in term of total polyphenols composition (TP) using spectrophotometric method and the individual polyphenols were detected by LC-MS. The essential oil of Origanum vulgare was obtained byhydrodistillationand then were identified the compounds using GC/MS. The extract and EO of Origanumvulgare was tested in vitro against Fusariumgraminearum and Verticilliumdahlie.Minimum fungistatic effect (CMFs) and minimal fungicidal concentration (CMFg) on fungi mycelial growth was studied by poison technique. The results highlights thatthe proximate composition was: moisture content 6.5%, mineral substances 5.3%, proteins 7.9%, lipids 0.67%, energy value 350.72 Kcal and carbohydrates 70.89%.Regarding macroelements composition the highest values was recorded for K 10297 ppm, followed by Mg 6250 ppm and Ca 4813 ppm. The analysed value for microelementswere: Fe (152,42 ppm), Cu (3,65 ppm, Zn (18,93 ppm), Mn(10,21 ppm). Regarding total polyphenols (TP) content in oregano extract the recorded value was 908.62 ?g/mL, while the most important hidroxycinamic acid was ferulic (5.44 ?g/mL), followed btcaffeic (4.27 ?g/mL). Other identified polyphenols in oregano extract were: coumaric, rosmarinic, gallic, protocatecuic, acids, rutin, resveratrol, epicatechin, quercitin, kaempherol. The main major compounds of Origanumvulgareessential oil (EO) have been identified: 3-carene and alpha-pinene. In vitro tests have shown a pronounced antifungal potential of EO, at 0.02% concentration the reducing of Verticilliumdahliemycelial growth was 60%. The value of CMFs was 0.06%, while at 0.1% EO was recorded the fungicidal effect.Against Fusariumgraminearum the CMFsofOriganumvulgarewas 0.06% and CMFg 0.2%. The alcoholic extracts did not show an antifungal effect against the Fusariumgraminearum and Verticilliumdahlie.

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