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ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF SOME RIVERS IN ADJARA

Nunu Nakashidze, Darejan Jashi, Shota Lominadze, Merab Mamuladze, Mamuka Turmanidze

Abstract

This article examines the mineral composition of the waters of important rivers in the Adjara region: the Chvana, Adjaristkali, Merisi, and Chorokhi. These rivers are part of the Black Sea basin and are used for drinking water supply, domestic needs, and agriculture, while the Adjara region is an important tourist destination. The study was conducted using an IGPE-9820 plasma atomic emission spectrometer. The concentrations of aluminum, boron, barium, beryllium, arsenic, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, lead, tellurium, titanium, mercury, selenium, silicon, antimony, vanadium, phosphorus, and zinc were determined at eight points in two periods of the year: in the river headwaters and in areas adjacent to densely populated areas, in late winter and spring. Samples were collected at a depth of 0.3-0.5 meters from the middle reaches of the rivers. Analysis of the study results was conducted in accordance with Georgian legislation, norms established by regulations, and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on maximum permissible concentrations of chemicals. It was found that the waters in late winter and in the upper reaches of the rivers are ecologically safe. In spring and in areas adjacent to populated areas, the ecological state of the waters warrants attention. River water pollution is presumably caused by anthropogenic activities, such as the discharge of domestic wastewater into the rivers and the use of chemicals in agriculture. Calcium, sodium, and magnesium levels do not exceed permissible concentrations, and the waters are assessed as normal or with low potential for harm. Phosphorus levels in Adjara waters slightly exceed permissible limits, requiring attention. In Chorokhi waters, the excess is moderate, requiring systematic monitoring. Lithium levels in all locations, aluminum levels in Adjara water, and mercury levels in Merisi water significantly exceed permissible concentrations and indicate a serious threat to the ecosystem and human health. These levels cause muscle tremors, decreased thyroid function, neurological risks, and have carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects. pH values in river waters range from 6.5 to 8.5, indicating a neutral-alkaline pH. The water is environmentally safe given the levels of the other elements considered. To ensure ecosystem balance and a safe water supply, a full physicochemical and microbiological assessment of river waters is necessary at all times of year. Immediate measures are required to protect river waters.

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