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THE CONTENTS OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE BODY OF NORTHERNER ATHLETES OF CONSCRIPT AGE

Е. М. Степанова, Elena A. Lugovaya

Abstract

Currently, the question of studying the functional reserves of the body of healthy athletes of high qualification is becoming relevant worldwide. To achieve high sports results, including the Olympic level, more and more efforts are needed since the rate of records is higher and higher. The intensity of sports training is increasing but sometimes it is difficult to do without special medical support, namely sports pharmacology. Due to the active anti-doping campaign, the use of previously traditional methods of farm support is no longer possible. In our study, we assessed the state of the elemental status of high category athletes who were 105 young male subjects aged 17-21, born and residing in the city of Magadan (Northeast Russia). The north conditions impose an additional burden on the body since the biogeochemistry of the region and climatic features are of great importance. The biogeochemical environment of the northern territories is characterized by extremely low contents of biogenic chemical elements due to poor podzolic soils, soft (ultra-fresh) and weakly mineralized drinking water, which creates biological loads and creates the prerequisites for disturbances in mineral metabolism. The biosphere of the North is characterized by insufficiency of Ca, Mg, P, I, F, Se, Co, Cu and other elements. In such special biogeochemical conditions, people involved in sports (with maximum physical exertion) can be referred to a mineral deficiency risk group. Against the background of increased muscle loads, the need for macro- and microelements tend to significantly increase. The vast majority of sportsmen?s diselementoses can be classified as professional or professionally-related disorders associated with increased physical and psycho-emotional stress. Using atomic emission spectrometry, the concentrations of 25 chemical elements in the hair samples of volunteers were determined. In accordance with the Olympic classification of sports, athletes were divided into the following groups: cyclic sports (cycling, athletics, cross-country skiing, and swimming), speed and strength sports (powerlifting, weightlifting), coordination sports (gymnastics and mountain skiing), martial arts (boxing, wrestling, judo, and sambo), and sportive games (football, table tennis, and volleyball). It was found that the concentrations of a greater number of chemical elements in groups of different sport types do not have reliably significant differences, but the athletes proved to differ in their contents from both the baseline group and the normal indicators. In general, deficiencies of thyroid-specific (I, Se, Mg), immuno-strengthening (Co, Se, Cu, Mg), regenerating (Se), antidiabetic (Cr, I, Se), and antioxidant (Ca, Se, I) macro- and microelements were revealed. Thus, we can conclude that the body of athletes needs additional support by taking deficit macro and micronutrients, which is not doping, but serves to eliminate the deficit and prevent diselementoses and related diseases.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/5.1/s20.100

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