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EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS RECORDED ON MAGNETOGRAM - WHERE, WHEN AND WHY
Abstract
Records of the magnetometers responding to the effects of big earthquakes were noticed more than a hundred years ago. Even then began to dispute what caused these effects: mechanical vibrations of instruments or electric or magnetic oscillations generated by the earthquakes. In Panagjurishte (PAG) observatory we have great opportunity to shed light on this issue because we have four important instruments installed on the site - three different types of magnetometers and one seismometer. Three large earthquakes with magnitude Mw >6 happened recently in the Balkan Peninsula. These are the events of: 30 October 2020 with moment magnitude Mw 6.9 located in the offshore region north of Samos Island, Greece; 29 December 2020 Mw 6.2 earthquake occurred in Petrinja (Croatia) and 3 March 2021 Mw 6.3 earthquake which hit the northeastern part of the Thessaly basin (Greece). The energy released was enough to give us data for investigation. In our research we compare the recorded signals of all instruments. It is shown that a magnetic torque is introduced by the pendulum swing of the FGE suspended sensors. This instrument may in fact be used in some places as a seismometer of ultra-low sensitivity. But even though we expected to find some small amplitude signals from real electromagnetic waves generated by the earthquakes. It doesn’t happen however either because these effects were too small to be observed against the background of geomagnetic noise or they are really missing due to the great distance from the epicenters or the electrical properties of the earth section under the site.
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