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THE ROLE OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES IN ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION AT THE SOVIET UNION
Abstract
In 1972 at United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm was proposed the program of ecological monitoring, which examined the biosphere reserves as the essential part of conservation policy. After that conference, the Soviet Union took the official responsibilities of establishing biosphere reserves on its territory. In 1976 the Soviet academy of sciences established the project of fire biosphere reserves in different parts of Soviet Union to expand ecological monitoring from local to national level. That program had also a global scale when the Soviet Union and the USA in 1976 signed negotiation of choosing on both countries similar biosphere reserves. The Soviet Union had already more that 100 nature reserves, but they were used only for local conservation and cannot prevent territories from anthropogenic loan. The territories of rich biodiversity should be protected as national parks and it is could be visited by tourists for recreation purposes. Such renewable resources of National parks as ground and mineral waters, agriculture products and timber could be used by local industry, but the anthropogenic influence of that process should be very limited. From 1980th the biosphere reserves in the Soviet Union obtained much more research functions and gave scientists an opportunity to compare those protected territories and the places where the environmental load was very high. They should be focused on ecological monitoring, so it will be possible making research of pollutants migration from the surrounding territories.
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