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TECHNICAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPLOSION-PROTECTION IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Abstract
Operations carried out within the oil and gas industry involve the risk of explosions which might lead to work accidents with significant consequences for personnel and installations. The release of a hydrocarbon gas due to various reasons such as improper selected equipment or its’ malfunction, staff negligence, lack of maintenance a.s.o. in mixture with air generates a potentially explosive atmosphere if the mixture’s concentration ranges between certain limits, the so-called Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) and Upper Explosive Limit (UEL). The list of ignition sources for explosive atmospheres in the oil and gas industry may include flames, electric sparks, hot surfaces, static electricity, friction etc. Given the high risks of explosions, practitioners from the oil and gas industry have to take significant explosion-protection measures in order to diminish the explosion risk down to a low or even insignificant level. Among these measures are the identification of hazardous areas, provision of proper ventilation, and correct selection and installation of technical equipment. With respect to explosion protection, the current article represents a technical note on current practices and principles which can be applied for increasing the safety level for staff and installations operating in potentially explosive atmospheres from the oil and gas industry.
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References7
Directive 2014/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (recast)
ATEX 2014/34/EU Guidelines, 1st Edition, April 2016
Jones D.S.J.S., Refinery safety measures and handling of hazardous materials. In: Jones D.S.J.S., Pujad? P.R. (eds) Handbook of Petroleum Processing. Springer, Dordrecht, 2008.
Pasculescu V.M., Radu S.M., Ghicioi E., Pasculescu D., Niculescu T., Assessing the safety level of technical equipment operating in potentially explosive atmospheres by using computer modelling, International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference-SGEM, Geoconference on Informatics,
Pasculescu V.M., Vlasin N.I., Florea D., Suvar M.C., Improving the quality of the process for selecting electrical equipment intended to be used in potentially explosive atmospheres, Quality - Access to Success, Romania, vol. 18/issue S1, pp 97-102, 2017.
Pasculescu V.M., Vlasin N.I., Suvar M.C., Ghicioi E., Florea D., Considerations on impact resistance tests for electrical equipment used in explosive atmospheres, International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management SGEM, Bulgaria, vol. 2, pp 181-188, 2016.
Standard EN 60079-0:2012, Explosive atmospheres - Part 0: Equipment - General requirements
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