MANAGEMENT OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY, HARAZ RIVER, NORTH OF IRAN

and similar studies review, data collection about river pollutants, basin watereshed plants, climate, geographic situation, qualitative characteristics and watereshed hydrometry was performed. These data with refering to the some related offices such as environmental organization, health centers, natural resource, climatology and sinoptic, water work org. collected. Then followed with field study to determination of river pollutants centers and sampling stations. Finally 8 station based on the entrance of pollutants, population density, commercial and agricultural activities and sitution of the river selected. Determination of river flow (Q) obtained from archives record of water works organization. Geographic position of all point of field study performed by GPS Model GEKO 310. RESULTS there is a significant difference in Orthophosphate (P<0.007) and total phosphorus (P<0.049) in up farm which effected on middle farm. Net variation in phosphate and total phosphorus of the first farm were recorded 13.19 kg/day and 21.99 kg/day (100 tons production), second farm, 7.95 kg/day and 15.08 kg/day (80 tons production), and the last farm 2.28 kg/day and 3.63 kg/day (40 tons production), respectively. Organic phosphorus was calculated in first farm 40% (700m up distance), second farm 47% (300m up distance) and the last 40% (6000m up distance). It seems that these changes should be related to farm distance, production, feed type that caused to increase of organic phosphorus load in river. Fig.1. Mean flow of Haraz River in differeny years, Karesang station 0 10 20 30 40 50 602

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 water yearsC u b i c M e t e r / S e c ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﮫ DO in studied stations was vary from 10.78 (st.3) until 11.88 ppm (st.8). Minimum DO determined 8.48 ppm in station 5. Maximum DO considered 12.8 ppm in station 6 in winter situation (fig.2). Fig.2.Haraz River DO in different station 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 sampling stationsD O , P P M There is not a significant difference in BOD5 of samples between stations (P- value>0.05). Minimum Mean of BOD5 was 1.306667 ppm in station 1 and the maximum Mean of BOD5 was 3.54 ppm in station 6(fig.3). Fig.3.BOD5 of Haraz River in different station, 2006 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 sampling station B O D 5 , P P M Stage-1 Stage-2 Stage-3 There is not a significant difference in COD of samples between stations (P- value>0.05). Minimum Mean of COD was 8 ppm in station 4 and the maximum Mean of COD was 38.66667 ppm in station 3(fig.4). Fig .4 . C OD o f H a ra z R ive r in d iffe re n t s ta tio n 0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 s a m p lin g s ta tio n s C O D , P P M Series1 Series 2 Series3 Total phosphoure of the stations in three stages sampling were about uniform level and there is not a significant difference in phosphoure of samples between stations in cold and warm conditions (P-value>0.05). Mean of BOD5 was varying from 0.17 in st.2 until 0.37 ppm in station 1. Minimum Mean of Total phosphoure was 0.144 ppm in station 2 and the maximum Mean of Total phosphoure was 0.72 ppm in station 1 that this high digit related to the concentration of resturant and commercial shops in up-stream of the river (fig.5). Fig.5. Phosphore of Haraz River in different station 0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 sampling stationsP , P P M Series1 Series2 Series3 Fig.6. Nitrate of Haraz River in different stations 0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 sampling stationsN O 3 , P P M Series1 Series2 Series3 Total nitrogen was varying from minimum mean 2.124 in station 2 until maximum mean 3.210 ppm in station 7(fig.7). Fig.7. Total nitrogen of Haraz River in different stations 0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 sampling stationsT o t a l N i t r o g e n , p p m Series1 Series2 Series3 Conductivity of the water implies the presence of soluble ions and more conductivity is the sign of high presence of ions. Conductivity related to the soluble solids directly. Mean conductivity in studied stations was vary from 400 micromohs/cm in station 2 until 733.33 in station 8 (fig.8). Fig.8. EC of Haraza River in different stations 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sampling StationsE C Series1 Series2 Series3 There is substantial data to show pollution within the some area from non-point agricultural run-off (pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides) as well as point source pollution from small industries and workshops. Pollution levels in the lower parts of rivers and streams in Mazandaran and the southern coastal part of the Caspian Sea are high. Agricultural activities have increased pollution due to the heavy use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in Mazandaran. The use of chemicals has been encouraged by the government policy of subsidizing agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, a policy that is now gradually being abandoned. The direction of the groundwater flow is perpendicular from south to north. The hydraulic gradient of the groundwater is high (10-15 per thousand) in the southern parts and the water table contours are close to each other.In the vicinity of the sea, these distances reach their maximum and the hydraulic gradient in the coastal plains of the Caspian Sea reaches values less than 2 per thousand. Water table elevation in the vicinity of Amol is less than 18m a.s.l. The water table falls during some parts of the year, but is recharged during winter and returns to the original level after the rainy season [1-3]. The most important urban areas are Amol (population 220,000), There are no waste water collection and treatment facilities in the project area. In most of the cities and villages in this area waste water is discharged in absorbing wells. In some areas, waste water is directly discharged into the rivers. In Amol city, the waste water including household and that from municipal activities is discharged directly into the Haraz River at different discharge points. The amount and quality of urban and rural waste water is not being measured regularly. The household consumption of water is about 200 l/capita/day and the conversion coefficient for waste water is 90%. So, the per capita production of waste water in these cities is about180 l/day. The dominant crop is rice. Water from the fields is commonly released between mid-August to early September. Before this, when paddy fields are water logged, the effluent seeps through to the shallow groundwater. Agricultural waste water contains high levels of phosphate, nitrogen, potash, and pesticides. Since the sub-surface waters in the area have not been surveyed completely, the exact amounts of fertilizer and pesticide infiltrated are not known [6-8]. Although the amount of industrial waste water is less than urban and agricultural effluents, it is of great importance because it contains a variety of materials that are potentially hazardous. In the middle lands, there are a few industries, but no detailed information about the quality or quantity of discharge of waste water. As mentioned earlier, most of the industries are located around the big cities and along the main roads in the lower lands. The humidity of municipal waste is reported to be about

80%. This is quite critical because such amount of humidity can cause a high amount of leachate produced by wastes that, in turn, can increase soil and water pollution. Due to inadequate studies and field testing, there is no information about the quality of leachate produced in this area. However based on the average determined for the waste leachate produced in Iran, the amount of BOD5 is about 20,000-30,000 mg/l [7-10]. Unfortunately, current monitoring of soil pollution and water quality is highly inadequate, so it is not possible at this stage to establish a clear picture of the specific soil pollutants and the extent of the problem. At present, disposal of rural solid wastes is not carried out in a planned manner, and waste is mainly disposed in lands adjacent to the villages, into the rivers, ab-bandans, and some times trenches surrounding the villages. At present the amount of waste from plastics, cans, PET bottles, etc. is increasing in rural areas [10-12]. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research supported financially by the Mazandaran Environmental Protection Organization. The authors are especially grateful to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. REFRENCES

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