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IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF NATURAL DISASTERS USING GEOMATIC TECHNIQUES
Abstract
It is no longer a novelty that for the socio-economic development of the society in which we live, the main resource is represented by information. Of the data and information that society faces on a daily basis, most have spatial reference. Thus, the field of Geographic Information Systems has become an interactive way of viewing and accessing the components of the geographical environment. For the management of natural disasters, a multi-temporal spatial data is required. Satellite remote sensing is the ideal tool for disaster management, since it offers information over large areas, and at short time intervals. Although it can be used in the various phases of disaster management, such as prevention, preparedness plan, relief, and reconstruction, in practice up till now it is mostly used for warning and monitoring. During the last decades remote sensing has become an operational tool in the disaster preparedness and warning phases for cyclones, droughts and floods. Remote sensing images show both the shape of objects but through their spectral resolution bring hidden information, encoded in the structure of the object with certain physical and chemical properties. Each atom or molecule has a certain spectral behavior. The use of remote sensing data is not possible without a proper tool to handle the large amounts of data and combine it with data coming from other sources, such as maps or measurement stations. Therefore, together with the growth of the remote sensing applications, Geographic Information Systems have become increasingly important for disaster management. The object of study of this paper entitled "Identification and analysis of natural disasters using geomatic techniques" is the advantage of multispectral remote sensing in environmental protection, prevention and action after ecological disasters, in this case forest fires, by detecting and observing areas affected by fire. Following the analysis, an action plan can be developed so as to limit the impact on ecosystems by acting in an organized and timely manner. In order to achieve this goal, objectives were set such as: identifying the area of interest, studying the type of data needed and obtaining them from open sources to highlight the area, processing raw images so that they can be processed using GIS software, performing steps necessary to analyze the changes in the area of interest.
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References6
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