Scholarly record
FORMATION OF AN INTERNAL DUMP DURING EXPLOITATION
Abstract
Dumping during open-pit mining is one of the important processes on which the area of disturbed lands and the environmental friendliness of the technology as a whole depend. In permafrost conditions, the issue of dumping requires a comprehensive study of the technology, dumping processes and taking into account the strength, thermophysical properties of frozen rocks. In most cases, when developing small coal deposits in the North-East of Russia, favorable mining and geological conditions of bedding are used for internal dumping. This requires the development of a more rational environmentally friendly technology with the subsequent reclamation of the worked-out area. The paper presents a technology that provides for freezing an ice prism at the base of the dump and strengthening the dump by laying perforated pipes at a distance of at least 2Rprom, where Rprom is the freezing radius around each pipe and filling with a sand-gravel mixture (ASM) in the form of a triangular prism, followed by freezing it to strengthen the base of the dump. After freezing the ice dump of the required height and in order to preserve it in a frozen state, overburden rocks with a thickness greater than the power of seasonal defrost are placed above it. The developed technology makes it possible to significantly reduce the distance of transportation of overburden to the inner dump, and also ensures the most complete filling of the worked-out space with its subsequent recultivation and increases the stability of the dump on an inclined surface. The triangular frozen prisms make the blade base stable and keep the blade stock on the slope. Studies of the mining and geological conditions of deposits of small sections showed that the majority of sections have a stripping ratio less than 4, which indicates the need to use the developed technology to supplement the worked-out space with an ice-rock internal dump, taking into account the filling factor (Kzap.). The proposed technological solutions will significantly reduce the area of the disturbed landscape, reduce the cost of reclamation of disturbed lands, and also increase the stability of the dump base on an inclined surface.
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