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GENETIC CHARACTERISTIC OF SOIL AT THE FOREST-GENERATION STAGE DURING DISTURBED LANDS RESTORATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONCEPT OF NATURAL SOIL-FORMATION
Abstract
The aim of the research is to return the disturbed lands of mining landscapes to the biosphere foundation in the light of modern knowledge of the role of Earth's soil shell in maintaining the stable state of the biosphere. The methodology has been substantiated and the technology of restoration of disturbed lands (ecological restoration) has been developed in accordance with the concept of natural soil-formation, which is based on the principle of self-organization of natural systems. The data of the long-term monitoring of the restored lands indicate that the formation of a biologically active medium by the creation of a sown phytocenosis without the application of a topsoil layer provides a rapid formation of a biogenic-humus-accumulative horizon and a faster formation of a phytocenosis with the structure of the surrounding natural landscape than during self-growth. The following stages of succession of sown cereal phytocenosis are identified: a meadow stage, the transition from a meadow stage to phytocenosis with the structure of the surrounding natural landscape characterized by the formation of a vertical structure, and a forest stage of succession. In the fourth ten-year period (the forest stage of succession), there is a significant increase in tree species. The emerging soil is characterized by a fulvate type of humus reflecting the specific character of the decomposition of forest litter in a cold climate. The morphological description of the sections and the fractional-group composition of humus under the forest community attest to the genetic similarity of the emerging soil to the Al-Fe-humus podzolic soils of the Kola Peninsula. This, along with a geobotanical description, indicates the formation of a phytocenosis with the structure of the surrounding natural landscape.
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