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HUMAN IMPACT ON GROUNDWATER IN THE AKTOBE REGION
Abstract
Being the most important component of ecosystems, groundwater largely determines not only its properties and structure, but also its ecological qualities. Given the unity of natural waters - the Earth's hydrosphere, it is necessary to recognize that hydrogeoecological problems, as well as ecological in general, of which they are an integral and integral part, are also characterized by a certain hierarchical structure. Modern environmental problems, from global to regional and local, are associated with the growing interaction of man with the natural environment year after year. At present, it is acquiring the features of a global technogenic process with its inherent fundamental ecological laws and problems of ecological instability, which require their permission at all ranks and levels of ecosystem organization. The main characteristic of an ecosystem is the presence of relatively closed, stable in space and time flows of matter and energy between its biotic and abiotic parts, the most important place in which is occupied by the hydrosphere. At the same time, the interaction of mankind with the environment, as before, throughout its history, remains anthropocentric. The anthropogenic impact on groundwater has become particularly noticeable in the current century due to the development and intensification of industry and agriculture, the growth of large cities and the expansion of urban lands. Significant changes in the natural hydrogeological conditions occur during the use of groundwater in order for water supply, irrigation, flooding of pastures ? depletion of aquifers occurs, i.e. groundwater reserves of overlying and adjacent horizons deteriorate and extensive depression pits are formed; in addition, hydrogeological conditions in oil and gas-bearing horizons change when developed with maintaining reservoir pressure, which contributes to the penetrating of aggressive oil and gas fluids into the upper aquifers.
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