Scholarly record
BLASTING EXCAVATION FOR CONNECTING A NEW TUNNEL TO AN ACTIVE SEWAGE TUNNEL IN A WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Abstract
This study presents the controlled blasting method used to excavate the buffer zone between a new connection tunnel and an active sewage tunnel operating at full capacity at the Tuzla Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant in Istanbul, owned by ISKI. Treating up to 650,000 m- of wastewater daily for a population of 2.6 million, the plant required new treatment units to be connected to the existing system due to increased capacity needs. Since the existing 2,200 mm-diameter sewage tunnel, built in 1998, could not be safely or economically shut down, blasting was selected for the excavation of the 40-60 cm thick rock buffer zone. The blast face area was 9.7 m- and consisted of limestone with 25-35 MPa compressive strength. Due to unknown properties of the reinforced concrete lining of the existing tunnel and the presence of sensitive equipment above, a detailed risk analysis was conducted. Blasting design limited explosive charge per delay to 3.2 kg to stay below 15 mm/s particle velocity and 135 dB air shock. Electronic detonators and 27 mm cartridges in 33 mm boreholes ensured safety and precision. A total of 112 holes and 20 kg of explosives were used. Maximum measured vibration was 5.21 mm/s and air shock 132.3 dB. The operation achieved full breakthrough without disrupting sewage flow or causing structural damage.
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