Scholarly record
VARIABILITY OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS CONTENT IN ASH AND SLAG DEPOSITED AT A LANDFILL SITE
Abstract
The article presents the results of investigations into the chemical composition, contents of selected rare earth elements and the reaction of eluates obtained from the waste (ash and slag) produced in the process of hard coal combustion in a pulverized-fuel boiler. Samples for tests were taken from the ash and slag landfill from three 10-metre vertical profiles. The total content of REEs in the examined ash-slags ranges from 295 to 366 mg/kg. The average concentration of rare earth elements is 330 mg/kg, with a standard deviation of 19 mg/kg. Among the examined 16 rare earth elements, the highest average contents in ash-slags, ranging from several dozen to more than 100 mg/kg, have been noted for: cerium (~113 mg/kg), lanthanum (~60 mg/kg), neodymium (~48 mg/kg), scandium (~33 mg/kg) and yttrium (~31 mg/kg). The contents of the remaining elements are much lower and, only praseodymium slightly exceeds the value of 10 mg/kg. The variability of REEs content depending on the storage time (vertical profile of landfill) was analyzed.
Publication Impact Profile
Publication details
References11
. Blissett R.S., Smalley N., Rowson N.A., An investigation into six coal fly ashes from the United Kingdom and Poland to evaluate rare earth element content, Fuel, vol. 119/ issue 1, pp. 236–23, 2014.
. Borra C. R., Pontikes Y., Binnemans K., Gerven T. V., Leaching of rare earths from bauxite residue (red mud), Minerals Engineering, vol. 75, pp. 20–27, 2015.
. Całus Moszko J., Białecka B., Analysis of the possibilities of rare earth elements obtaining from coal and fly ash, Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi, vol. 29/ issue 1, pp. 67–80, 2013 (in Polish).
. Całus Moszko J., Białecka B., The potential and resources of rare earth metals in the world and in Poland. Review article, Prace Naukowe GIG Górnictwo i Środowisko, vol. 4, pp. 61–72, 2012 (in Polish).
. Kim C.-J., Yoon H.-S., Chung K. W., Lee J.-Y., Kim S.-D., Shin S. M., Lee S.-J., Joe A-R., Lee S.-I., Yoo S.-J., Kim S.-H., Leaching kinetics of lanthanum in sulfuric acid from rare earth element (REE) slag, Hydrometallurgy, vol. 146, pp. 133–137, 2014.
. Long K.R, Van Gosen B.S, Foley N.K., Cordier D., Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5220, The Principal Rare Earth Elements Deposits of the United States – A Summary of Domestic Deposits and a Global Perspective, 2010.
. Lutyńska S., Lutyński M., Potential of indigenous, critical raw materials essential for the economy of the European Union, Wiadomości Górnicze, vol. 67/issue 9, pp. 512–515, 2016 (in Polish).
. Patnaik P., Handbook of inorganic chemicals, McGraw-Hill Companies, 2003.
. Smółka-Danielowska D., Rare earth elements in fly ashes created during the coal burning process in certain coal-fired power plants operating in Poland – Upper Silesian Industrial Region, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, vol. 101/issue 11, pp. 965–968, 2010.
. Randazzo L.A., Censi P., Saiano F., Zuddas P., Effects of Dissolved Complexation on REE Fate During Interactions between Volcanic Ash and Coexisting Fluids, Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, vol. 7, pp. 721–724, 2013.
. PN-EN 12457-2 standard, Waste characteristics. Leaching. Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges. Part 2: One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction).
View or Download full articleAccess options
SWS access login
Login as SWS Scientific CommitteeLogin as SWS Scientific PartnerLogin as SWS AuthorAuthors and approved SWS contributors will read and export their own linked papers after identity matching by SWS profile, email and SGEM GlobalID.
For librarian assistance: [email protected]
Purchase Instant Access
- Article can be downloaded after successful payment.
- Article may be used according to SWS library access terms.
- Article cannot be redistributed.
