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STUDYING THE POSSIBILITY OF USING THE SUSPENSION OF CELLS AND PRIMORPHANS OF THE BAIKAL SPONGE FOR ASSESSING WATER QUALITY
Abstract
In recent years, oppression and even death of Baikal sponges has been noted. To monitor the state of the sponges and find out the reasons for their death, as well as to optimize the cultivation conditions and develop natural remediation measures, it is extremely important to have adequate biotesting methods based on changes in the physiological reaction of the sponges under the influence of adverse factors, including under the influence of various classes of pollutants. In view of the extremely low growth rate, various fragments of the same sponge very sharply differ in their age and physiological state. The heterogeneity of the material leads to high variability of the experimental results. Samples of intact endemic Baikal sponges in aquariums under laboratory conditions relatively quickly lose their physiological activity. Suspension of cells and primmorphs obtained from one process of an individual of the Baikal sponge should be more uniform and retain their properties for a long time when cultivated in Baikal water. The purpose of the work is the development of highly sensitive methods based on the use of a suspension and primmorph of the Baikal sponge as test objects for assessing water quality and the influence of various factors (heavy metals, surfactants, detergents). The object of the study was the sponges of Lake Baikal belonging to the endemic family Lubomirskiidae species Lubomirskia baicalensis. A suspension of sponge or primmorph cells was placed in the cells of the plate containing toxicant solutions. The stress state of the sponges was used as a test reaction, which was judged by microscopic examination by the increase in the number of vacuolar cells in the suspension or the change in the surface of primmorphs and their destruction. The experiments made it possible to develop highly sensitive methods for assessing the quality of water, based on the appearance of vacuoles in cell suspensions and on the destruction of primmorphs under the influence of toxicants present in water.
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