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THE EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITIES IN TWO SWEET SORGHUM HYBRIDS SEEDLINGS
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major environmental stress factors for crops that adversely affect plant growth and development. High concentrations of salt in the soil cause ion toxicity, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, nutrient deficiencies and imbalances perturbing important physiological and biochemical processes. To minimize the effects of salinity, the plant develops a large array of responses involving a complex enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system, ion transport and compartmentalization of deleterious ions, solutes and polyamines. The level of salt concentration at which toxic effects occur depends on the plant species. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) and soluble sugars content in sweet sorghum seedlings in presence of different levels of salinity. Two hybrids of sweet sorghum were studied: SASM 1 and BRM GOLD and different levels of salt stress were induced by using five concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM). Total superoxide dismutase activity was measured spectrophotometrically based on inhibition in the photochemical reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. Total soluble peroxidase, catalase activity and soluble sugars content were assayed through the colorimetric method. The obtained results show that the activity of antioxidant enzymes varies with the investigated hybrid and with the applied doze of NaCl. The values of biochemical investigated parameters and antioxidant enzymes activities increase with salinity levels. This increase suggests a state of oxidative stress, the plants activating a defensive system. Measurement of antioxidant enzymes activities and studied biochemical indices might be used as indicators to assess the tolerance of sweet sorghum on salinity.
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