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FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF UPPER DEVONIAN (FRASNIAN) BRACHIOPODS THEODOSSIA NALIVKIN
Abstract
Theodossia Nalivkin is a Frasnian spiriferid brachiopod genus which is characterized by a small to medium sized shell, short hinge line, rounded cardinal angles, weakly developed sulcus and fold, uniformly costate surface, short dental plates. Views on the genesis and taxonomy of Theodossia have changed significantly over time. They are belong to the superfamily Theodossioidea which is considered to be descended from Adolfioidea by turning plicate shell to costate and weakening of sulcus and fold. The first appearance of Theodossia recorded in the lower Middle Fransian North-West of the Russian plate (in Pskov and Novgorod regions of Russia) and in the Western Arctic, archipelago Novaya Zemlya. The beginning of the wide geographical spread of Theodossia comes at the end of Middle ? first half of the Late Frasnian: it spread to othes parts of Russian plate, Urals, Siberia, Western Asia (Iran), North America. However, there is a reason to assume that the center of biodiversification was located on Novaya Zemlya because on this archipelago their mass increases and forms similar to the upper Frasnian of East European craton appear in the Middle Frasnian. Near the Frasnian/Famennian boundary Theodossia is extinct all over the world. The article is devoted to the history of geographical distribution of the genus Theodossia.
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