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IMPACT OF BIOCHAR ADDITION ON BULK DENSITY OF SOIL
Abstract
An optimal soil density has become an object of more extensive research at the end of the 50's, and the increase of research took place in the recent decade. Authors of these works assumed that traditional cultivation causes too great scarification of soil. Therefore, they performed experiments the aim of which was determination of the impact of soil kneading on plant yields. In the majority of experiments, by means of suitable soil compaction directly after sowing, a significant yield increase was observed, amounting even to 60%[1]. However, also scientific papers indicating the reduction of yield under the influence of that treatment are reported[2], [3], [4]. A direct outcome of the changes in the soil density are changes in the total porosity and distribution of the size of soil pores. These parameters, on the other hand, decide on the spatial system of soil water and its availability for plants and macro and micro diffusion of oxygen in soil. A spatial configuration of the solid phase and water also shapes thermal properties and related distribution of temperature in the soil profile and influences the forces that bind elements of the soil structure. A content of available water and oxygen in soil and its temperature, and mechanical resistance to plant roots have a direct impact on the growth and yield of plants. The aim of the paper was to determine the impact of biochar application from sunflower husks on the bulk density of soil. The studies were carried out on 5 experimental fields with four various doses of biochar, and in two time periods after biochar application. It enabled determination of the biochar additions influence on the changes of soil structure. Duncan test that was carried out enabled to determine between which biochar doses there were statistically significant differences in the bulk density of soil. Doses from 0 to 10 t per one ha of biochar formed a uniform group. Average values of bulk density differed statistically significantly in case of doses from 0 to 10 t per ha of biochar and with doses of 20 t.ha-1. There are great differences between those groups with regard to the bulk density of soil. It is proved that doses of biochar considerably determined the bulk density of soil after exceeding the dose of 20 t.ha-1.
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