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USING A GIS BASED GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH FOR MAPPING ATMOSPHERIC SO2 CONCENTRATIONS IN BALIKESIR CITY, TURKEY
Abstract
Some compounds especially sulphur dioxide (SO2) is considered as typical indicators of the urban air quality. To inform decisions re garding, for instance, the protection of public health from elevated SO 2 levels in Balikesir, high-resolution maps are necessary. Therefore, the main objectives of this paper were to: (1) analyze th e spatial distribution of SO2 levels using geostatistical techniques; (2 ) incorporate this in formation in a GIS to produce accurate SO 2. Geostatistics provides useful technique to get estimates of values of the studied variable at un-sa mpled locations, considering the spatial distribution pattern and integrating information from sample points and observed trends. In the study, the data were compiled from 20 monitoring stations, using passive sampling, geographically distributed th roughout the study area, which provide information about the SO 2, spatial coordinates, and collection time. The period of temporal data collection was from March 10 to March 17, 2010. From a modeling point of view, Geographical Information System (GIS) was used mainly for the preprocessing and postprocessing of data to be displayed in digital map layers . Firstly, statistical analysis of samples, such as normal QQ Plot distribution, histograms, trend analysis and a half variation/covariance analysis were used to check the normality to find the appropriate statistical anal ysis model. Spatial corre lation was quantified with semivariograms. And also, estimated SO2 levels at unsampled locations were carried out with the ordinary kriging method, integrating the spatial correlation structures described with the variograms. The results of the passi ve sampling study show that the winter and summer average concentrations are 30,97 Вµg/m3 for SO 2. It is expected that where industrial activity is not excessively importa nt, traffic and domestic heating system are the main source of SO 2 precursors. Results were shown on the maps. It was demonstrated that geostatiscal tools are quite appropriate techniques for air quality management in small city area like Balikesir. Author Keywords: Air pollution, Balikesir, Geographi cal information science (GIS), Geostatistics, Ordinary Kriging, Spatial analysis, Sulfur dioxide.
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