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SOCIO-ECONOMICAL ISSUES RELATED TO TRANS-BORDER NATURAL AND HUMAN INDUCED HAZARDS IN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Abstract
This paper reviews the main transborder issues on the territory of Commonwealth of Independent States (former USSR) of principally associated with natural and human induced hazards involving waste contamination from extractive industries. The Soviet Union included 15 states that had unified political and economic system. In 1991, after the collapse of the USSR, on the territory of the previously united country, were formed 15 independent states, respectively new boundaries were shaped, and existing environmental problems have become cross-border. Each state determined their own political, economic and environmental procedures; it was not long before transborder environmental issues started to occur. Specifically, the lack of coordinated environmental policies led to situations where economic activities conducted in one state, created or initiated ecological consequences in neighboring states also consequences of natural hazards such as earthquakes, flood and other. Recently, a feature of the post-Soviet model of cross-border cooperation is, in one hand, cultural-historical proximity of the countries participating, on the other hand пїЅ economic and political differences that require from neighboring countries considerable effort. The development of integration processes between the countries-participants of the former USSR has been a process with several stages and multiple projects. Historically, the first integration was the CIS, the creators of which aims to maintain the technological, economic, cultural, educational and scientific relations, which existed in the former Soviet republics. Legally its formation ended in 1993 in Minsk, where the Charter was adopted by the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The geological features of this vast region determine the probability of occurrence of most types existing natural disasters with catastrophic social-economic damages. The cross-border cooperation is essential to deal with the hazardous seismic threat, floods, landslides, pollution of surface and ground water because natural hazards have no boundaries.
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References5
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