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IMPACT OF BIOCHAR ADDITION ON SELECTED CULTIVATION PARAMETERS OF SOIL
Abstract
Growing problems of environmental protection related to the increasing soil degradation and increasing effects of climatic changes require searching for new, more efficient, and cheaper solutions that maintain relevant parameters of soil. One of the suggested solutions of present problems in the area of environmental protection is biochar, namely carbonate obtained from the plant biomass and organic waste pyrolysis. The use of biochar in environmental protection brings advantages, inter alia, such as a possibility of replacing fossil fuels with renewable fuel, improvement of soil properties, e.g. the increase of carbon in soil or water capacity of soil, reduction of use of mineral fertilizers (artificial), better use of natural fertilizers and crop protection substances, and thus a risk of contamination of underground and surface waters. A porous structure and specific surface of biochar are the most important physical properties and they are responsible for various processes in soil. Biochar has a considerably developed internal porosity which influences water absorption, sorption abilities and retention of nutrients in soil. Numerous studies show that addition of biochar to degraded soil increases their fertility and influences the climatic changes through sequestration of carbon in soil, reduction of N2O emission and CH4 from soil. Addition of biochar also increases water capacity of soil and pH of soil. Initial studies proved that addition of biochar in the amount of 10 t·ha-1 increased water capacity of soil by 12.7%. Biochar due to its high ion exchange capacity also has retention abilities and ability to exchange nutrients in soil. The aim of the paper was to determine the impact of biochar addition from sunflower husks on moisture, temperature, and soil conductivity. The studies were based on full year's studies of the selected parameters and the statistical analysis that was carried out proved a significant impact of biochar on the selected soil parameters.
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