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HEAVY METALS IN THE PLANTS OF FALLOW LANDS AROUND OF AN ENERGETIC ENTERPRISE
Abstract
The study of heavy metals (HMs) in plants increases in importance with years because of the enhancing anthropogenic impact. HMs arriving in plants from the soil and air are capable of accumulating in plant tissues in large amounts and passing along the trophic chain into animal and human organisms. Enterprises of energetic, metallurgical, and ore-mining industries are sources of environmental contamination with HMs. For example, the Novocherkassk energetic enterprise releases 1% of total pollutants into the atmosphere in the Russia Federation. The negative implications of its emissions result in the accumulation of metals in plants and can be manifested with time. The effect of soil properties and distance from the source of anthropogenic emission from Novocherkassk energetic enterprise on the input of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Mn, Cr, and Ni into daisy family plants (Asteraceae) has been studied. It has been found that the high level of anthropogenic load related to the atmospheric emissions from the Novocherkassk power plant favors the accumulation of HMs in herbaceous plants. Contamination with Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni is revealed in plants growing near the energetic enterprise. The main factors affecting the distribution of HMs in the above- and underground organs of plants include individual physiological features of plant species controlling the barrier functions of different plant organs. Elytrigia repens, Cichorium intybus, and Tanacetum vulgare are accumulators of HMs. The resistance of herbaceous plants to pollution has been determined from the acropetal coefficient. Tanacetum vulgare is characterized by the lowest barrier value for Mn and Cu. Ambrosia artemisiifolia has the lowest barriers for Ni; Cichorium intybus for Zn and Pb; Elytrigia repens for Cr and Cd.
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