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MAIN FEATURES OF ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL RESEARCH OF MICROBIOTA INFLUENCE ON HARD ROCKS IN THE URBAN UNDERGROUND SPACE
Abstract
The paper presents a review of influence exerted by subsurface microbiota on hard rocks in the underground space of megalopolises. It describes main strategies used by microorganisms to attach to different mineral surfaces, considers natural and technogen-ic conditions, under which microbiota develops in the underground medium. Particular attention is given to the presence of aquifers with different chemical composition and contamination level, natural occurrence of organic layers in the rock section, urban sources of water-bearing strata contamination by organic and inorganic compounds, which serve as nutritious and energetic substrate for microorganisms. There is a notice of temperature and radiation effects on intensification of microbiological processes. It is pointed out that void content of all types of hard-rock formations determines the degree of their vulnerability to microbiological impact. Various mechanisms of microbially in-duced transformation of rocks with different genesis and individual features are ana-lysed. Based on experimental research main directions of subsurface microbiota activity are established and thoroughly studied. They include the impact of metabolism products on hard rock, changes in aquifers redox and acid-base conditions, evolution of ground-water aggressiveness level, and transformation of stress-strain state of the stratum. Spe-cial attention is given to biochemical gas generation in the underground space, which occurs mainly under anaerobic conditions with active participation of heterotrophic mi-croorganisms.
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