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THE PARTICLE SIZE OF THE BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN SOME CANALS OF THE FLUVIAL-MARINE DANUBE DELTA
Abstract
In deltaic environments like the Danube Delta, sedimentary particles can range from clay and silt to sand and gravel. The proximity to the Black Sea introduces marine processes into the deltaic system that can be translated as a mixture of fine-grained sediments derived from the fluvial delta along with marine sediments from the Black Sea. This region is of particular importance for the ecology and hydrology of the Danube Delta due to the presence of sandy deposits that cause a major change in both natural and anthropogenic habitats. The emergence of artificial canals dug in sandy deposits had a huge impact on the deltaic ecosystems, as a better way of transportation but also a potential threat to the hydrological balance. Therefore the periodical dredging works became mandatory in maintaining waterway accessibility and supporting transportation. This work is intended to be a useful study for subsequent dredging works on the Danube Delta canals excavated on sandy material. The study involved the sampling of sediment from canals to assess its quality, determine dredging requirements, and manage dredged material effectively. An extensive sediment sampling program was established to collect samples from the bottom of several canals from the fluvial-marine Danube Delta (Cordon Litoral, Letea and Sidor Canals) at high and low water levels. At the Danube Delta National Institute laboratory, the sediment samples were subjected to particle size determinations. The main purpose of the particle size analysis was to quantify the fine fractions from the coarse ones. The results show that even though the material is expected to be predominantly sandy, significant percentages of finer material can be present as well. Following this study, three factors were identified to influence the particle size distribution, namely the variation of the water table during the year, anthropic activities and the additional supply of fine particles from the fluvial deposits. These considerations must be taken seriously into account especially in future dredging works, as these processes can significantly influence the depositional processes as dredging can resuspen
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