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CAN AN INVASIVE SPECIES BECOME A RESOURCE? THE CASE OF THE PEARL OYSTER PINCTADA RADIATA (LEACH, 1814) IN THE GULF OF TARANTO
Abstract
Within the Project -National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC)-, funded by the European Union Next Generation EU (PNRR), Spoke 2 Activity 3 Task 3.2, the Research Unit of CNR IRSA Taranto (Italy) monitored the growth performances, microbiological and nutritional quality as well as PAHs and PCBs content of the invasive Atlantic pearl oysters Pinctada radiata in the Gulf of Taranto. Oysters were located in lanternets in an integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) system and co-cultured with polychaetes and macroalgae around fish cages. Oysters were found to be of good microbiological and nutritional quality. Microbial pollution indicators and the 7 PCBs targets were below the limit established by European legislation. P. radiata had a lipid content of 2.62% (wet weight) and high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from the omega-3 series, which constituted 21.5% of total fatty acids. The oysters grew well and the resulting nutritional value, chemical and microbiological quality provide valuable information on P. radiata along the Italian coasts and result intriguing in light of the potential commercial exploitation and recycling options of P. radiata in eradication programs of this invasive species. In particular, this pearl oyster has been observed in the Gulf of Taranto since 2015 and has now become very common. Furthermore, in the last 2 years P. radiata has demonstrated its ability to overcome the heat waves occurred in the Gulf of Taranto in the summer period which instead determined the decline of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis with consequent inability for this species to reach the commercial size.
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