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INNOVATIVE RECYCLING AND WASTE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES
Abstract
The growing amount of waste and the pressure to transition to a sustainable and circular economy create the need to modernize waste management through technological innovations. This article focuses on the analysis of selected innovative technologies and waste processing, namely plasma gasification, hydrothermal carbonization, chemical recycling of plastics, robotic sorting systems using artificial intelligence and biological processes such as enzymatic degradation of plastics. Based on a systematic literature search, the benefits of these technologies in terms of environmental efficiency, material utilization and application potential were evaluated. The results show that technological innovations enable an increase in the recycling rate, reduction of emissions and efficient processing of previously problematic waste streams. At the same time, the main barriers associated with high costs, legislative uncertainty and insufficient infrastructure were identified. The article formulates recommendations for the Czech Republic, which include support for research and development, the implementation of pilot projects, legislative amendments and the introduction of economic instruments to support innovative technologies. In conclusion, it is stated that advanced recycling technologies are key to achieving circular economy goals, but their expansion requires systems and coordinated support across sectors.
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