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THE IMPACT OF RECREATION ON FOREST ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR ELEMENTS IN THE NATIONAL PARK LOWER KAMA IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Vladimir Zakamskii

Abstract

In a forest ecosystem pine plantations, the National Park lower Kama Natural expansion of the path network and Parking areas, is characterized by an increase of stages of digression that slows down all the process of development of components of forest natural complexes. With the increase in recreational forest use and loads increases the number of trees with mechanical damage. Traumatized trees colonized by pests and diseases. There is a decrease in the number of healthy trees and an increasing number of worst . The number of trees is reduced in proportion to the stage of digression. The undergrowth is already starting to disappear in the process of anthropogenic impact II and stage III. The result of plantations lose their ability to repair themselves. Violated the uniformity of distribution of the young generation on the area, decreasing their quantity per ha. Decreases species diversity. In the undergrowth there are individuals that are not typical for this type of red elderberry, cherries, currants, apples, etc. In the grass cover there was a sharp decrease in the percent cover from 86% to 8.9% . Dominated by grassland and weedy species, and sometimes there is a complete destruction of vegetation. Thus, in forest ecosystems located in the equilibrium state, an imbalance in any link leads to the imbalance of the whole system to loss its stability and finally leads to its complete disintegration.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017h/33/s14.081

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