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SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT USING THE SOCIAL PROGRESS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDEXES
Abstract
Due to limited resources, development is associated with a process of transformation, including the performance of the transformation. In 2015, following the adoption of the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the political agenda has shifted towards sustainable development for society, which includes environmental criteria. European Union Member States have strengthened the political agenda on sustainable development with the EU Green Deal initiative. Various development indexes could be employed for assessment, thus marking a decline in the role of the traditional measure of GDP. Some environmental criteria are included in the Social Progress Index (e.g. Water and sanitation; Environmental quality), while the Sustainable Development Index provides a more comprehensive picture. The research aims to assess sustainable development in European Union Member States in the context of achieving social progress and the Sustainable Development Goals. An analysis of the performance of EU Member States in terms of social progress, although their GDPs were not the highest, revealed that several environmental performance targets have been achieved, thereby indicating a change in the course of development. Almost all EU Member States have made progress towards the SDGs over the period 2019-2023, except France and the Netherlands, as their index scores were negative. Social progress has been fastest in Latvia, while at the same time making some progress towards the SDGs.
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