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AMERICAN AND RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA: ORIGINS AND CREATION
Abstract
This article discusses the formation and development of the American and Russian intelligentsia in the first half of the 19th century. An attempt is made to determine the basic prerequisites and sources of formation of the intelligentsia as a special social layer within the national structure of American and Russian society. The characteristic of its separate representatives and specific features of development of their views are presented. Special attention is paid to the American literary intelligentsia, abolitionism and Russian Narodnichestvo (populism). The analysis of development of the American intelligentsia in comparison with formation of the Russian is carried out. The influence of the state and social features of the USA and Russia on the development of the intelligentsia and as a consequence the emergence of unique phenomena such as abolitionism in the USA and nihilism in Russia are emphasized. Finally, it is concluded that, despite the differences between the Russian and American intelligentsia, there are similarities between them, they both appealed to the nation as the highest judge and developed national culture, while not having any wild educational system.
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References6
Токвиль А. де. Демократия в Америке. М.: Изд. Группа “Прогресс” - “Литера”, 1994. 554 с.
Eyal Y. The Young America Movement and the Transformation of the Democratic Party, 1828–1861. Cambridge: Gargners Books, 2007. PP. 208-209.
Токвиль А. де. Демократия в Америке. М.: Изд. Группа “Прогресс” - “Литера”, 1994. 554 с.
For more detail: Weinberg A. Manifest Destiny. A Study of Nationalist Expansionism in American History. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1935. PP. 11-112, PP. 117-118; Sampson R.D. John L. O’Sullivan and His Times. Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio, 2003. P. 165, PP. 193-195.
Hine R., Faragher J. The American West. A New Interpretive History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002. PP. 199 – 202.
McDonald F. The Phaeton Ride. The Crisis of American Success. Guardian City, New York, Doubleday & Company, 1974. P. 26.
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