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PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF MARULA TREES (SCLEROCARYA BIRREA) IN NORTHERN FERLO, SENEGAL
Abstract
Sclerocarya birrea (marula) is a key multipurpose species in West African agroforestry and silvopastoral systems, essential for ecological stability, biodiversity conservation, and rural livelihoods. This study examines phenotypic variation in growth traits of S. birrea in northern Ferlo, Senegal, across three sites: Amaly, Tessekere, and Labgar. Field measurements focused on morphometric parameters influencing tree growth, including diameter at breast height, canopy diameter, and total height. Multiple regression analyses identified strong relationships between diameter and height, while canopy spread significantly affected growth performance. Marked site differences suggest that soil type, grazing pressure, and microclimate strongly shape phenotypic expression. Correlation tests confirmed a consistent association among height, stem diameter, and canopy diameter, reflecting integrated growth dynamics. The findings highlight the species adaptive capacity under semi-arid conditions and its ecological value for land restoration and sustainable resource management. Enhancing agroforestry practices through selective propagation and genetic improvement could optimize productivity and resilience. This research underscores the importance of conserving S. birrea genetic diversity and promoting its integration into local production systems to reinforce both ecological sustainability and socio-economic benefits in the Sahelian context.
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