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EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF INTENSIVE APPLE PLANTATIONS IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

Abdulmalik Batukaev

Abstract

Studies were conducted in an intensive fruit-bearing apple orchard in the South of Russia in the Chechen Republic. Layout scheme - 3,75?1,5 m, the formation of trees - a slender spindle. The object of study were apple cultivars Renet Simirenko (control), Granny Smith, Florina (M9). The main soil cultivation (autumn plowing) was carried out once in 3-4 years by garden plows or plows-lushmen at a depth of 14-16 to 18-20 cm in row-spacing and 6-12 cm in the trenches. Cropping blocks in an intensive garden with dwarf trees - annually (in spring) with the use of green operations (3-4 receptions per growing season). Fertilizers in the apple orchard are applied at intervals of 1 every 2 years, with a 10-15 cm depth to the soil, into the zone of the greatest concentration of roots: in the young garden - under the crown zone, in the fruit-bearing garden - in the inter-row. Approximate norms of fertilizers in a fruit-bearing dwarf garden were N120-150R60-90 K150-240. The studies were carried out by the method of laying the field stationary experiment in the fruit plantations. Schemes of experience: 1. Control 1. Renet Simirenko + N60P60K60. 2. Control 2. Renet Simirenko + N120P120K120. 3. Control 3. Renet Simirenko + N180P180K180. 4. Granny Smith + N60P60K60. 5. Granny Smith + N120P120K120. 6. Granny Smith + N180P180K180. 7. Florine + N60P60K60. 8. Florina + N120P120K120. 9. Florine + N180P180K180. The aim of the research was to increase the productivity of intensive apple plantations on the basis of regulation of mineral nutrition of promising varieties in the conditions of the Chechen Republic. The study of the flowers number in the inflorescences on different fruit branches and annual branches showed that the average number of them in varieties established the relationship between the number of flowers in the inflorescence and the type of fruiting of these varieties. Analyzing the average fruit yield per hectare the grade Grenni Smith, had the highest yield of all studied varieties, is much higher than the standard. Significantly inferior to the standard Florina variety and insignificantly differ from Granny Smith and Renet Simirenko. Fertilizers contributed to an increase in the yield of fruits. In the Florina variety, the increments from fertilizer doses varied from 3.5 to 20.8 c/ha. In this case, the greatest increase in yield was given by fertilizers in doses of N120P120K120 and N180P180K180, while in Grenny Smith, the increments from fertilizer doses were 18.3 - 60.2 c/ha. Thus, the obtained data showed that the apple yield depends on the varietal characteristics and the doses of mineral fertilizers.

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