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TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF HEAVY METALS AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM WASTEWATER BY ELECTROFLOTATION WITH SUBSEQUENT FILTRATION AND SORPTION ON ACTIVATED CARBONS
Abstract
Activity of many industrial enterprises is accompanied with considerable amount of liquid technogenic waste products containing toxic heavy and non-ferrous metal ions as well as petroleum products, oils, and surfactants that are discharged to surface water together with waste water and used technical solutions. Therefore, efficient wastewater treatment is one of the main directions to decrease the industrial negative impact on the environment. The main sour?es of wastewater pollution with heavy and non-ferrous metals include galvanochemical, engineering industries, and metal-processing shops. The main sour?es of waste water pollution with oil products include petrochemical industry and trucking companies and petrol stations, etc. This waste water may contain surfactants and other organic impurities being a part of lubricants and conservation oils. The study shows the results of experimental and manufacturing trials of waste water from slightly soluble metal compounds, oil products, industrial oils and various surfactants via membrane electroflotation treatment. The developed technology trials at the industrial enterprises demonstrated high efficiency of combined electroflotation, membrane filtration, and sorption in waste water cleaning from metal ions and organic impurities. The following cleaning efficiency technological values were achieved: efficiency of oil products, industrial oils, and surfactants extraction was more than 90%, efficiency of slightly soluble metal ions extraction was 96%–99%. There are main advantages of the waste water treatment technique: most of the sewers (95%–99%) following the cleaning could be discharged to public waste water system and the minor part (1%-5%) could be returned to the beginning of the process and take part in the advanced treatment together with total wastewater flow. Thus, there is an opportunity to organize the water recirculation. Purified components are removed in the form of foam product (flotosludge) with the humidity of 90%–95%. After decreasing of flotosludge humidity in the press filter up to 60%, solid waste-collection centers could utilize them. Electroflotation allows significant (up to 5 times) increase in filtration and sorption column service lives.
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