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COMPOSITIONAL AND CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE OF SOILS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS

Л П Степанова, А В Писарева

Abstract

The article presents an assessment of changes in chernozem soils of agricultural land as a result of anthropogenic impacts. It is shown that the agricultural soil utilization leads to significant disturbances in the ecological balance and is accompanied by an increase in the disequilibrium of the state of the systems, an increase in the degradation risk, which becomes excessive with improper use of soils and the wrong choice of farming systems. In order to prevent negative developments associated with agricultural land use, it is necessary to assess the environmental sustainability of soils and landscapes, assess the environmental risk of the applied farming systems and any anthropogenic impacts on the soil. The degree of impact of negative degradation processes on the change in the stability of chernozem soils of agricultural lands to anthropogenic influences is established. The influence quantity of production and consumption waste on the accumulation of heavy metals and petroleum products in the humus arable layer of podzolized chernozem is estimated. Systematic and comprehensive studies on the analysis of the negative impact of technogenesis on the composition of the podzolized chernozem of agricultural land in the Oryol region are presented. It was found that in all the studied soil samples, the maximum permissible concentration in the content of heavy metals in the arable layer of the control sample, undisturbed by anthropogenic impact, was exceeded. For example, a significant excess in cobalt and manganese content is shown in comparison with a control soil sample. Particular attention is paid to the data obtained, which reflect the degree of accumulation of active forms of zinc, copper and arsenic in the upper layer of the studied chernozem soils. So, in individual soil samples, a significant excess of lead content was found in comparison with its amount in the control soil sample. In all studied soil samples, a high excess of the content of active zinc was shown in comparison with its quantity in the control soil sample. Studies on the intensity of accumulation of active copper and arsenic showed that in all samples of technologically disturbed soil, an excess of copper was proved in comparison with a control soil sample, and in some soil samples the accumulation of arsenic exceeded the maximum permissible level.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/5.1/s20.023

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