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LANDSCAPE AND GEO-TOPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF ANCIENT MANOR COMPLEXES OF CENTRAL RUSSIA
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to address and consider ancient manor complexes as landscape objects, and to identify the linkages between their formation, location and environmental conditions. Ancient manors are unique monuments of the spiritual and material culture of Central Russia. The landscape has the imprint of the historical and cultural heritage of the past, which, in turn, largely determines its current state and appearance. We consider the manor as a landscape-historical estate complex, which was formed during the long-term interaction of man and nature, and is both an independent landscape unit and part of the structure of the contemporary cultural landscape. It is the ancient estates that determine the perception and appearance of many modern cultural landscapes of Central Russia. The study of the manor complexes was based on the landscape approach, through the use of landscape-geographical methods, that integrated field methods, including landscape descriptions, and office (paper) methods, including a comparative analysis of archival materials (XVIII - XX centuries) and aerial photographs. A landscape and geo-topological typology of ancient estate complexes was created. As a result of studies of the relationship of manor complexes and environmental conditions, and an analysis of the location of manors within landscapes, a geo-topological typology of the manor complexes was compiled. Locations of the same type in different landscape regions have a similar imprint on the structure, functioning and dynamics of manor complexes. The ancient estates of Central Russia are entirely original and have their own features of their structure and location, directly related to the landscape structure. The natural and cultural manor complex, the development of which was largely determined by its location in the landscape, is an integral element of the man-made landscape of Russia and a reflection of national psychology and even our spiritual life today.
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