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THE ROLE OF THE COMPLEX WATER SYSTEMS AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT IN TERMS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND FLOODS
Abstract
In terms of climate change and extreme events, the role of the complex water systems and reservoirs management is increasing. Under these conditions the management of the built water reservoirs is of primary importance for both: responding to high-wave and for ensuring the ecological flow and water consumption during drought periods. In order to improve the complex and significant reservoir management, it has been initiated a phased development of a Decision support system (DSS) with the appropriate modules. The used models provide the possibility of evaluating the current situation, impending needs and influx and relevant recommendations for solutions. Regardless of the diversity of the mentioned situations, the recommendations for solutions are concrete ? from maintaining certain levels (operation at high water) to restricting individual water users (operation under conditions of drought and water shortage). To prevent of flooding risk, it is needed free volume to be provided in reservoir timely to accommodate high inflow. This volume is different and varies considerably for different months, which requires a thorough analysis and especially determining of the monthly maximum runoff with a particular probability and related typical durations of their appearance. Similar modules have been developed for complex and significant reservoirs of the four Basin directorates (?Iskar?, ?Ticha?, ?Topolnica? reservoirs, etc.). The information about possible high waves of up to 5 (7) days and reliability of 1% and 0,1% are used. The DSS for reservoir operation is very flexible and fits to any change in hydrology conditions or water demand and it is usefully applied by the Ministry of Environment and Waters. Some modules of this system use short-term inflow forecasts in reservoirs, calculated on the basis of the automatic hydrometric stations data.
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