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MODELING THE IMPACT OF SUBWAY CONSTRUCTION ON DRUZHBA LAKE, SOFIA, BULGARIA
Abstract
A serious challenge for the construction of Sofia Metro is the shallow groundwater and the high water abundance of the hydrogeological units that are crossed by the construction route. The dewatering of the excavations for the facilities that are supported on deep foundations and the tunnels is most often associated with large and long-lasting local depressions of the water table. The joint action of the drainage systems around the metro stations and tunnel sections built simultaneously or in overlapping time intervals leads to regional and sometimes quite active deformations of the hydrodynamic field. A significant drop (about 2 m) in the Druzhba Lake level was observed during the construction of the metro segment nearby Sofia Airport. Using the Modflow program, a three-dimensional non-stationary model was developed in order to acquire a quantitative assessment of the dewatering activities over the dynamics of the lake level. Implementing this model, four alternative prognostic solutions have been obtained, presenting the possible scenarios for the lake level recovery after cessation of construction. The working hypotheses and the accepted initial conditions in the different scenarios have rainfall as a climate change indicator. The monitoring observations, with the actual rainfall being slightly above the monthly mean values for the region, fully confirmed the scenario assuming average annual rainfall. The obtained results demonstrate the great efficiency of non-stationary flow models as a tool for assessment and prognostication of the potential negative impacts caused by dewatering as part of the construction activities. The proposed approach can be successfully applied in regions with similar hydrogeological and environmental problems.
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