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EFFECT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS AND MANURE APPLICATION ON SOIL REACTION
Abstract
Soil response is an important parameter that affects plant health and its resulting quality. It also affects the intake of chemical substances. These include not only nutrients but also e.g. heavy metals. It is well known that soil fertilization using organic matter, preferably manure, positively affects soil reaction. Manure can be enriched with various substances in order to increase its efficiency. However, this may mitigate the positive effects of manure on the soil or it may have a negative impact on soil properties. In our paper, we focus on the influence of the application of manure and soil amendments on the soil reaction. The effect of following combinations of manure, inorganic fertilizers and soil amendments were studied on soil reaction in the field experiment: 1) control - NPK only, 2) Manure + Z'fix + NPK, 3) Manure + Z'fix + PRP Sol + NPK, 4) Manure + PRP Sol + NPK, 5) Manure + NPK. Z'fix is an industrially produced substance - activator for the biological transformation of organic matter of organic fertilizer, and PRP Sol is an industrially produced soil amendment. The experiment was carried out in the Czech Republic on soil type fluvisols at an altitude of about 345 m a. s. l. The subject of our interest was an orchard (0-30 cm). The experiment was conducted in 2014 - 2017. In topsoil, the statistical analysis found the application of manure, soil amendments and inorganic fertilizers did not have a statistically significant effect on soil pH. The variant 1 fertilized with only NPK was detected with pH 5.90 (6.26 in 2014) after the end of the experiment in 2017. Thus, there was a decrease by 5.8%. In other variants, the following values were measured: the variant 2 (Manure + Z'fix + NPK) ? pH 5.6 - no differences compared to 2014; the variant 3 (Manure + Z'fix + PRP Sol + NPK) ? pH 5.9 - compared with 2014, an increase by 5.4% was reached from initial pH 5.6; the variant 4 (Dung + PRP Sol + NPK) increase by 7.6% from pH 6.04 to 6.5; the Variant 5 (Dung + NPK), increase by 1.7% from initial pH 5.9 to 6.0. Application of organic matter affects soil pH, and application of soil amendments enhances this effect (i.e. beneficial effect on soil pH). On the other hand, it has been confirmed that NPK fertilizer application without organic matter leads to acidification of the soil environment.
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