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THE VULNERABILITY OF THE PLUVIOMETRICAL RISK OF THE MEDIUM WATERSHED IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGES

Simona Spanu, Virgil Nicula, Maria-Mihaela Antofie

Abstract

The periods with precipitations surplus represent a risk that usually has a local prevalence, unlike the periods with precipitations deficit, where the areal spread is large, and the onset and evolution are slow. The perception in the case of periods with pluviometric surplus is that of a major hydrological risk, because of the violent and progressive way of manifestation, while droughts are perceived as being less dangerous phenomena. Among the pluviometric parameters that visibly influence the precipitations regime and the components of the geographical landscape, whose evolution has to be taken into consideration in the environmental protection, there is the maximum precipitations quantity registered in 24 hours. This can cause the drench and the severe erosion of the soil, the displacement of boulders and of altered rock fragments from the slopes, and sometimes even the collapse on the highly inclined versants, as well as floods in the rivers' everglades and valleys, when roads, bridges and vegetation are destroyed. In calculating the frequency of precipitations according to classes of values the days with precipitations have been considered, but also those without precipitations, because the vulnerability of the areal is calculated both for precipitations surplus and deficit. By applying this method, it was possible to obtain a synthetic estimation of the real analysed parameters, in their evolution in time and space. Based on these estimates a prognosis regarding the evolution of phenomena with pluviometric risk was elaborated. Precipitations are the main natural source of water supply in the hydrographic basin. The complexity of the factors that determine the precipitations regime imprints the studied areal with special climatic characteristics that have an impact on the landscape. [ The major imbalances that are being generated on the environment by the excess of precipitations or, on the contrary, by the the lack of precipitations, justify the interest of climatologists for these phenomena [1], [2].

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/31/s12.093

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