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SOIL CONSERVATION THROUGH APPROPRIATE PLANNING OF ARABLE LAND STRUCTURE
Abstract
The objective of the paper is to develop a methodology for arable land planning, taking into account the modern trends in agricultural machinery technologies and the contemporary environmental requirements for soil cultivation. It was found that design standards for arable land can be developed in the direction of: plot area up to 150 ha; working stroke over 1200 m; and aspect ratio up to 11. The study was based on two groups of spatial planning projects: two projects according to the existing design standards for medium-class agricultural machinery/conventional soil cultivation; and three other projects according to dimensions applied by farmers who used high-class agricultural machinery/zero-tillage. Within the experiment, the operational performance of a seeder, sprayer and fertilizer spreader was studied. In order to compare the efficiency of the two classes of machines, the machine stroke, the distance travelled and the working hours were estimated. It was found that high-class agricultural machinery and zero-tillage technology lead to a more rational field structure and contributes to more sustainable soil use. The dependence of the operating efficiency and the distance travelled on the design elements: plot area and aspect ratio was estimated by multifactorial regression analysis in Statistica Environment. By minimizing, maximizing and intersecting the models in Mathcad Environment, the optimal area of a plot and its dimensions, where machine operation efficiency and soil conservation best meet, was estimated. This methodology is representative both in terms of the number of processed data and the high statistical coefficients of the obtained models.
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