SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CLOUDINESS TENDENCIES OVER EUROPE, COMPARING VISUAL AND SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS

Auer, I., et al., (2007): HISTALP -- Historical Instrumental Climatological Surface Time Series of the Greater Alpine Region, Int. J. Climatol., 27, 17-46

Bartók B. (2010): Changes in solar energy availability for south-eastern Europe with respect to global warming, Phys. and Chem. of the Earth, Vol. 35, 1–2, 63–69

Dybbroe, A., Karlsson, K-G., Thoss A. (2005a): NWCSAF AVHRR Cloud Detection and Analysis Using Dynamic Thresholds and Radiative Transfer Modeling. Part I: Algorithm Description, II: Tuning and Validation. J. Appl. Meteor 44, 39-54, 55-71

Eastman R. (2012): Visual cloudiness data, 1997-2009 (personal communication)

Hahn, C. J. and Warren, S. G. (1999): Extended Edited Synoptic Cloud Reports from Ships and Land Stations Over the Globe, 1952-1996. Tech. Rep. NDP-026C, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, 79 p., Internet publication and data http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/epubs/ndp/ndp026c/ndp026c.html

Hahn, C. J., S. G. Warren (2003): Cloud climatology for land stations world-wide, 1971–1996. Tech. Rep. NDP-026D, Carbon Dioxide In-formation Analysis Center, 35 pp. [Available online at http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/ndp026d/.

IPCC (2007): Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC . In S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 996 p.

Jones, P.D., D.E. Parker, T.J. Osborn, K.R. Briffa (2011): Global and hemispheric temperature anomalies—land and marine instrumental records. In Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. DOI: 10.3334/CDIAC/cli.002

Kaiser, D.P., (1998): Analysis of total cloud amount over China, 1951–1994 , Geophys. Res. Lett, 25, 3599–3602.

Maugeri, M., et al., (2001): Trends in Italian cloud amount 1951-1996, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4551−4554

Moore, B., W. L. Gates, L. J. Mata, A. Underdal, R. J. Stouffer, B. Bolin, A. Ramirez Rojas (2001): Advancing our understanding, in Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, (J. T. Houghton et al., ed.), Cambridge Univ. Press, 769– 786

Norris, J.R., (2005): Multidecadal changes in near-global cloud cover and estimated cloud cover radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D08206

Schulz, J., and 23 co-authors (2009): Operational climate monitoring from space: the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1687–1709

Sun, B.M. (2003): Cloudiness over the contiguous United States: Contemporary changes observed using ground-based and ISCCP D2 data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30,

Sun, B.M., P.Ya. Groisman (2000): Cloudiness variations over the former Soviet Union, Int. J. Climatol., 20, 1097–1111

Sun, B.M., P.Ya. Groisman (2004): Variations in low cloud cover over the United States during the second half of the twentieth century . J. Clim, 17, 1883–1888

Vinnikov, K. Ya. (1986): Sensitivity of climate . Gidrometeoizdat. 219 p. (In Russian)

Warren, S.G., R.M. Eastman, C.J. Hahn (2007): A survey of changes in cloud cover and cloud types over land from surface observations, 1971-96. J. Clim. 20, 717-738 SGEM2012 - DOI: 10.5593/sgem2012 www.sgem.org

Auer, I., et al., (2007): HISTALP -- Historical Instrumental Climatological Surface Time Series of the Greater Alpine Region, Int. J. Climatol., 27, 17-46

Bartók B. (2010): Changes in solar energy availability for south-eastern Europe with respect to global warming, Phys. and Chem. of the Earth, Vol. 35, 1–2, 63–69

Dybbroe, A., Karlsson, K-G., Thoss A. (2005a): NWCSAF AVHRR Cloud Detection and Analysis Using Dynamic Thresholds and Radiative Transfer Modeling. Part I: Algorithm Description, II: Tuning and Validation. J. Appl. Meteor 44, 39-54, 55-71

Eastman R. (2012): Visual cloudiness data, 1997-2009 (personal communication)

Hahn, C. J. and Warren, S. G. (1999): Extended Edited Synoptic Cloud Reports from Ships and Land Stations Over the Globe, 1952-1996. Tech. Rep. NDP-026C, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, 79 p., Internet publication and data http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/epubs/ndp/ndp026c/ndp026c.html

Hahn, C. J., S. G. Warren (2003): Cloud climatology for land stations world-wide, 1971–1996. Tech. Rep. NDP-026D, Carbon Dioxide In-formation Analysis Center, 35 pp. [Available online at http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/ndp026d/.

IPCC (2007): Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC . In S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 996 p.

Jones, P.D., D.E. Parker, T.J. Osborn, K.R. Briffa (2011): Global and hemispheric temperature anomalies—land and marine instrumental records. In Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. DOI: 10.3334/CDIAC/cli.002

Kaiser, D.P., (1998): Analysis of total cloud amount over China, 1951–1994 , Geophys. Res. Lett, 25, 3599–3602.

Maugeri, M., et al., (2001): Trends in Italian cloud amount 1951-1996, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4551−4554

Moore, B., W. L. Gates, L. J. Mata, A. Underdal, R. J. Stouffer, B. Bolin, A. Ramirez Rojas (2001): Advancing our understanding, in Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, (J. T. Houghton et al., ed.), Cambridge Univ. Press, 769– 786

Norris, J.R., (2005): Multidecadal changes in near-global cloud cover and estimated cloud cover radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D08206

Schulz, J., and 23 co-authors (2009): Operational climate monitoring from space: the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1687–1709

Sun, B.M. (2003): Cloudiness over the contiguous United States: Contemporary changes observed using ground-based and ISCCP D2 data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30,

Sun, B.M., P.Ya. Groisman (2000): Cloudiness variations over the former Soviet Union, Int. J. Climatol., 20, 1097–1111

Sun, B.M., P.Ya. Groisman (2004): Variations in low cloud cover over the United States during the second half of the twentieth century . J. Clim, 17, 1883–1888

Vinnikov, K. Ya. (1986): Sensitivity of climate . Gidrometeoizdat. 219 p. (In Russian)

Warren, S.G., R.M. Eastman, C.J. Hahn (2007): A survey of changes in cloud cover and cloud types over land from surface observations, 1971-96. J. Clim. 20, 717-738 SGEM2012 - DOI: 10.5593/sgem2012 www.sgem.org