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EVALUATION OF TRANSFER OF HEAVY METALS FROM THE SOIL INTO THE EDIBLE PARTS OF BEAN

Mária Timoracká

Abstract

The goal of work was the determination of heavy metals content (Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb and Cd) in samples of legumes /bean/ from the chosen cultivation fields of south-western Slovakia and also to review soil hygiene of the monitored localities. Common bean varieties were collected from cultivation fields from locality Hurbanovo and villages Dolne Saliby, Risnovce and Teplicky. To exceed limits of heavy metals in the soil of all localities, established by Law No. 220/2004 and by threshold values proposed by European commission (2006), were determined in case of total content of Cd (1.26-2.83 mg.kg-1) and mobile form of Pb (0.16 ? 0.19 mg.kg-1). Soils, from which bean were collected, were medium to high humic with neutral to alkaline soil reaction. The results of risky elements in legume seeds were evaluated according to the Food Codex of the Slovak Republic and EU Commission Regulation no. 420/2011. The limit values for risk elements nickel (3.0 mg.kg-1), lead (0.2 mg.kg-1) and cadmium (0.1 mg.kg-1) have been contents exceeded 4.95-43.30% for Ni, 100-150% for Pb and 10-200% for Cd (in average). The transfer factor (soil ? plant) values were less than 1 in all samples. Legumes grown in Slovakia are not safe due to content of observed risk elements and it is necessary monitoring of heavy metal content not only in crops, but even in soils of cultivation locations.

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