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ROMANIAN COAL AND ENERGY HYBRIDIZATION
Abstract
The climate, energy, and health crises, alongside the conflict events in Eastern Europe, have generated new directions regarding the perspectives of global and national energy transition, by orienting it towards a decarbonized economy. The increased frequency of climate change-related weather events affects the availability of renewable energy sources (wind and solar) and energy supply security. The abandonment of fossil fuel-based electricity and heat due to commitments and objectives established in the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the 2015 Paris Agreement, and the adoption of policies aiming for climate neutrality, leads to both positive and negative consequences for the economy and population. The Romanian energy transition will require the reform of the current energy model by combining different classical, traditional sources with renewable ones, resulting in a specific energy mix, i.e., an energy hybridization, and implicitly a Hybrid Energy System. Currently, Romanian coal accounts for a maximum of 20% in electricity production, and Romania is rated as the fifth lignite consumer in Europe, given the increase in coal consumption worldwide in recent years, reaching record levels at the expense of the growing demand for clean energy sources. This paper aims, on one hand, to analyze the current situation of Romanian thermal coal extraction in the context of decarbonization, and on the other hand, to explore the perspectives of modernizing the system with clean energies and implementing energy hybridization.
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