Scholarly record
ROLE OF WATER RESERVOIRS IN THE SEASHORE DYNAMICS
Abstract
Construction of water-reservoirs across the rivers flowing into the sea often much complicates the coast protection problems. The reason is deficit of filling sediment on the coast-protecting beaches, which settle under the water. Consequently, two problems arise: efficiency of water-reservoir decreases and coastlines start to degrade what eventually ends with coast washing away and disaster. Main goal of is to develop the method of efficient solution of water-reservoir and coastal problems allowing maintaining the basic function of reservoir, solving coast protection problem and using of sediment as a natural resource with minimal environmental damage. Studies used the methods of mathematical statistics and stochastic hydrology (least squares, analogy and water balance methods), methods to estimate the volume of modern sea level eustasy and beach-constituent sediment. The Caucasus reservoirs of different types were selected as study objects. The essence is to artificially deliver beach-constituent sediment fractions accumulated in reservoirs to the degraded shores. A network of permanent quarries will be created in reservoirs. The conveyors will be provided: reservoir-coast, reservoir-construction object, reservoir-plots of field. The river sediment flow is continuous in time and space for extraction and use of sediment. The impact of a water reservoir on the seashore not only leads to the coast protection problems, but also deteriorates the quality of coastal waters. The reason for this is metamorphosis of flooded water, reduced oxygen, accumulation of organic deposits, significant change of water temperature and accumulation of heavy metals. Currents of flooded water are lighter; therefore, they lose the ability to deeply penetrate the sea depths and oxygen saturation.
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