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GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AS AN ANALYTICAL TOOL FOR SPECIAL CASES: BASICS AND ITS SELECTED APPLICATION IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Abstract
The fast development in chromatography occurred in the middle of twentieth century when gas chromatography came to light. It was invented by James and Martin. Presently, gas chromatography coupled with universal or selective detectors including mass selective detector is an effective, powerful and versatile analytical tool for special cases. It can be applied in numerous fields for example in drugs and pharmaceuticals, clinical chemistry, foods, environmental analysis or petroleum industry. Gas chromatography can be used for isolation, purification, fingerprinting, process monitoring, studying the structure of a component and separation of mostly organic compounds and also inorganic analytes. Although it is generally made for analysis of volatile and semi-volatile compounds with thermal stability, determination of nonvolatile components is also possible but target analytes have to be transformed through derivatization and pyrolysis to volatile derivatives prior analysis. Derivatization reactions lead to the modification of the functional groups of the target analytes through either increasing or decreasing their volatility. Pyrolysis is used in order to thermally degrade the components of interest to produce smaller fragments for detectability in gas chromatography. This article brings up basics of this powerful analytical tool and its selected application in the marine environment.
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