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COAL, CLEAN ENERGY, TRANSITION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN ROMANIA
Abstract
In line with global trends and concerns regarding pollution and climate change, the transition towards non-polluting energy sources is on the rise, favoring clean/renewable energy while reducing reliance on fossil fuels, particularly coal. This shift is essential for lowering carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. Governmental efforts, through policies and regulations (such as carbon taxes and subsidies for renewables), focus on decarbonizing the energy economy. Meanwhile, companies are investing in renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydro) and natural gas, often considered a -transition fuel,- to replace coal. Complementary efficiency solutions are being sought to reduce energy losses in construction, transportation, and industry. The current geopolitical landscape-marked by the war in Ukraine and diplomatic tensions between Europe and the United States-creates uncertainty in energy markets. As a result, energy security has become a key concern, not only in terms of accessibility but also in terms of sustainability and the additional costs required to ensure it. Given these circumstances, can coal still be considered a reliable energy resource for maintaining the stability of the national energy system, the energy market, and the economy? Will the integration of renewables, smart grids, and high-capacity battery storage be sufficient to meet the growing energy demand in the near future? This paper aims to analyze the state of Romania's thermal power industry, national energy and climate priorities aligned with environmental goals set by international agreements, the progress of transitioning to clean energy sources, and the level of energy independence and security.
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