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JUSTIFICATION OF AN ECOLOGICALLY SAFE TECHNOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF FIELDS WITH INSIDE TAILINGS THAT CONSIST OF ICED ROCKS

Mariya Sobakina

Abstract

In the mining industry, open pit mining is accompanied by the most significant disturbances in the landscape and hydrological conditions of the development area and disturbed or complete loss of soil cover over large areas. With the existing technology of stripping works, reclamation of disturbed lands is carried out separately and requires additional costs for its implementation, and in most cases is not carried out, which has led to a tendency of accumulation of disturbed lands. Currently, reclamation of disturbed lands is being given increasing attention, since the natural complexes of the Far North are particularly sensitive to external influences, where vegetation is extremely vulnerable and unstable to mechanical disturbances. The recovery time of vegetation cover is 25 - 40 years. Severe climatic conditions and permafrost have a significant impact on all technological processes of field development and require a comprehensive solution to the problems associated with both individual technological processes and with ecology and environmental protection. In this regard, in this paper, the state of restoration and recultivation of land disturbed by open-pit mining in harsh climatic conditions was assessed. It is shown that it is necessary to apply new environmentally friendly technologies for open mining. Technological solutions should ensure the reduction of the environmental load on the environment, the creation of favorable conditions for mining and transport equipment, an increase in the duration of the working season and the subsequent restoration of disturbed lands. To reduce the cost of reclamation work, a technology has been proposed for the development of deposits with filling the worked-out area with ice-breed entirely. The technology for creating an ice-breed material consists in sprinkling water into the internal dump in the winter period, covered further by an insulating layer of overburden rocks, ensuring the stability of negative temperature.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/1.3/s03.046

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