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THE IMPACT OF HEAVY METALS ON THE SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM UNDER THE ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD
Abstract
The most widespread objects of industrial construction in the Leningrad region are waste landfills and roads. The anthropogenic load of industrial facilities, such as solid waste landfill and construction sites of two express roads on the soil and vegetation cover of Leningrad region was studied. One of the main pollutants of the soil and plants are heavy metals. The accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in the "soil-plant" system depending on the properties of the soil and vegetation cover was investigated. The study of the content of heavy metals in soil and plant samples of the solid waste landfill «North Samarka» showed that soils are mainly polluted with arsenic and zinc. A high level of zinc accumulation by all plant species, with the exception of aquatic vegetation was revealed. The highest concentrations of nickel and ferrum are observed in aquatic plants. Aquatic and coastal vegetation with a high ferrum accumulation potential contributes to the self-purification of water systems adjacent to the landfill. In the Region there is an acute shortage of landfill facilities and «North Samarka» landfill capacity has exhausted. In 2017 an expansion project was developed which could have a significant burden on ecosystem components. The study demonstrates a significant impact of the express roads «A-181» and «M-11» construction at natural ecosystems. Contaminants accumulation depends on the types of plant communities and their habitats. Ecosystems with different humidity levels were studied. The predominant accumulation of lead, arsenic and manganese oxide by bog and coastal vegetation was discovered. The highet heavy metals concentrations were found at open ecosystems such as swamps, meadows and agricultural lands. Lower concentrations werte detected at small-leaved deciduous and coniferous forests with developed undergrowth shrub layer. Heavy metals accumulation by individual species has specific character,
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