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A man-made structure or natural phenomena like crustal movement, vertical land movements, subsidence determination, etc. is subject to deformations due to forces on them. Deformations of a structure require rigorous analysis to reflect significant movements. In general, deformation analysis relies on the reference network that is set outside the deforming area so that a comparison could be possible. However, a geodetic reference network is itself subject to movement. Therefore, the stability of the reference netwo...

Optimized site selections for urban facilities and services could be mentioned as one of the most important factor in urban management. In this context, several factors influence on decision making for site selection that by considering each of them, management could optimize the usage of equipments by employing the standard criteria. In this study, with regard to different criteria in selecting appropriate waste storage locations, which reaches both economic-technical and environmental considerations, and by empl...