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Upper Paleozoic carbonate-terrigenous deposits are widespread in the southwestern part of South Kazakhstan: in the Syr Darya, Aral, Chu-Sarysu and South Torgai sedimentary basins Karatau mountains, the Ugam ridge, as well as in the adjacent territories of Uzbekistan. Their capacity reaches 4000 m. At the end of the Middle Devonian, the western edge of the Kazakhstan continent sank, which led to transgression of the sea and the formation of a basin of forward deflection. On the outskirts of the latter, carbonate pl...

Considering that the underground mining of coal is used mining systems that have a high degree of complexity, and can reach cumulative lengths of tens of kilometers, associated with them we have the ventilation networks with the role of transporting important air flows with the help of special ventilation systems. The aeration networks are made up of all the mining works on which air flows are carried. Structurally, they comprise nodes and branches. The nodes of an aeration network are generated by the intersectio...