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Mathematical modeling of river flow formation processes is the basic research and engineering tool for modern hydrology. Despite a number of undoubted successes in modeling and a fairly wide introduction of models into practice, a number of problems remain that point to the fundamental difficulties of traditional approaches to the problem. The most important among such tasks are: assessment of the regime of extreme hydrological events, primarily floods; Use of hydrological models on unexplored basins; Perspective ...

Machinery from all industries is subject to aging processes. For economic and time reasons, damage cannot be repaired by replacing worn or damaged parts, but the product must be reconditioned. One of the most used reconditioning technologies in the industry is welding. Reconditioning technologies are credible, when samples are tested standardized. In most cases, welded structures have undergone various types of destructive tests: tension, compression, torsion and fatigue.[1] Since fatigue tests cannot be made duri...