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The presented work is aiming at climate change impacts and vulnerability assessment in Bulgaria. Climate change may affect exposures to air pollutants by affecting weather and thereby local and regional pollution concentrations, by affecting anthropogenic emissions (emission scenarios), by affecting natural sources of air pollutant emissions (biogenic VOCs) and by affecting many other processes. Local weather patterns (namely temperature, precipitation, clouds, atmospheric water vapor, wind speed, and wind directi...

The more important eco-climatic indicators for study aspects are: sun-light, precipitations, temperatures, relative air humidity, wind and other atmospheric phenomenon. Bioclimate is considered as a combination among the vegetation area and climatic elements with indexes: temperature, precipitations, wind, air humidity etc. This combination creates a complete, continued and stable view of an area or some ecologic areas in relation to indexes of bio-climate content elements. The basic indexes of use on bioclimatic ...

In order to give an evaluation on the quality of air in Albania we refer to two socialeconomical periods, that before 1990 and that after 1990. In the period before 1990 are noticed some indicators which played a considerable role in the quality of air in Albanian environment. Some characteristics were: controlled demographic movements, industrial activities located in the suburbs, road transport with a limited number of vehicles, few constructions etc. economical social period after 1990 caused profound changes, ...

Eight selected heavy and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni \& P) were analyzed in the dust fall samples collected from the surrounding areas adjacent to Al-Hisa phosphate mine central Jordan during summer 2008. The chemical analysis was done using the ICP-MS, after being digested with (HNO3/HCl) acid mixture. Beside the identification of their mineral constituents using the XRD. Moreover, the particle size determination on volume percentage basis for four fractions (PM<2.5, PM2.5– 10, PM10–100\& PM>10...

The presence of aerosol particles is strongly related with increased morbidity and mortality even at the ordinary aerosol concentration levels that occur in the urban environment. Aerosols contamination of indoor environment can originate from both outdoor and indoor sources (cooking, smoking etc.). Dangerous effect of particles consists in their penetration and deposition into human respiratory system. Because of inhalation exposure not only particulate size is important, but also particulate matter’s chemical ...

The city of Mitrovica, approximately 40 km north of Prishtina, was the site of one the largest lead smelters in Europe. The present environmental situation in Mitrovica, put as in front of the responsibility to act more rationally towards nature and to be more responsible towards the protection of the environment for future generations. The lack of protection of the environment during the last ten years, as well as the conflict in Kosova are the origin of huge problems regarding present environmental situation in ...

Nowadays the problem of global climate change is on the agenda of various disciplines from natural sciences to social sciences, politics, law, security and etc. The subject is dealt with from many different viewpoints and argued with different dimensions like social, technical and global. However, the migration phenomenon, one of the consequences of global climate change is perhaps the most important issue to dwell upon. Because of the environmental pollution and natural disasters, the number of immigrant increase...

Comprehensive atmospheric composition studies require multi-scale numerical experiments to be carried out, which to clarify to some extend different scale processes interaction, but also to further specify requirements for input data (emissions, boundary conditions, large scale forcing). Model interfaces from synoptic trough meso- to local scale have to be tailored. Shortly speaking, extensive sensitivity studies have to be carried out, tailoring the model set-up and parameters – a possible forerunner of single ...

Natural bitumen (NB) fields development in ecological terms is a complicated and responsible activity for a person. The activities consequence show up as air pollution by different harmful impurities, fresh water and land pollution by oil, bitumen and waste waters(1). Main sources of environment pollution (atmosphere, land, surface and groundwater) in oil and gas producing industry are oil and gas surface and subsurface structures. According to the existing legislation, NB field development project and design pape...

Using a panel dataset, containing information from Romanian industrial sector, this paper analyse the determinants of the pollution abatement expenditure, in the context of transition economy. We consider information related to the pollution abatement expenditure at plant level, plant – specific characteristics, state and local regulatory stringency, market incentives and community characteristics. Our results stress that the population’s potential for collective action in the environmental area is not signifi...

The Earth’s weather and climate are the result of the redistribution of heat. The major source of heat to the surface of the Earth is the sun, principally through incoming visible radiation most of which is absorbed by the Earth’s surface. The ocean redistributes this radiation and the atmosphere with the excess radiated back into space as longer wavelength, infrared radiation. Clouds and other gases, primarily water vapour and carbon dioxide, absorb the infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface and ...

Over the last couple of decades, climate change has emerged to be one of the most complex challenges of the 21st century. As a result of the international cooperation achieved over the years, a global climate change regime has been established governed by climate politics. Over the last 50 years, the impacts of climate change have reached measurable dimensions. The fact that the average temperature of the earth’s surface that is closer to the atmosphere has risen by 0.6 degrees C over the 20th century as well as...

Stara Zagora is one of the biggest towns in Bulgaria located in the middle of the country. In the summer of 2004 two very high level SO2 pollution events happened there, leading to serious discontent among the population. Analogous events happened in 2005, too. An attempt for numerical study of one of these episodes – from 8 to 11 of July 2005 is the subject of the present paper. The Models-3 system was applied for simulation and analysis of the episode with a sequential downscaling to a horizontal resolution of...

Some studies of the MM5/CMAQ modeling system sensitivity to changes of the emissions of ozone precursors are presented in the paper. Tree domains were set over Europe with resolution 90-30-10 km. The most inner domain embraces entirely Romania, Bulgaria and Greece. MM5 was run over these domains for June 2000 with NCEP 1x1 degree Global Analysis data. MM5 was run on the external grids in a “two-way nesting” and over the finer grid in a “one-way nesting” mode. EMEP inventory grid data and its 16.67 km deseg...

The special geographical situation of Isfahan and its location in a depression as well as gathering pollutants in the air has turned Isfahan to one of the most polluted cities in Iran. In winter, Isfahan has the most pollutants in the air. In summer and autumn, it has a high level of pollutants. But in spring, the city has healthy air. The synoptic study of the air indicates that there is a high pressure center in Isfahan which is the result of the strengthening and spread of Siberia high pressure center and the s...

Carbon disulfide is a well-known occupational hazard in viscose industry. With a view to improvement of the work conditions in the viscose industry was made an exposure assessment to carbon disulfide of different work groups in a plant for manufacturing viscose in Bulgaria. The study involved 76 workers from three different shops in the plant, exposed to different levels of carbon disulfide. The control group comprised 26 individuals from the same region without occupational exposure. The sampling strategy for thi...

In this paper, firstly, general and explanatory information about ecology and the effects of environmental pollution, air pollution and air quality degeneration, water pollution and water quality degeneration, and soil pollution and soil quality degeneration are given. And, secondly, the impacts of environmental problems on the government development plans, city planning, enterprise planning and costs are discussed and the negative effects of the Kyoto Protocol on the development of Turkey and the cost advantage o...

Heavy metal pollution is very important problem in waste water pollution around industrial area. Cupper has been used in many industries with civilisation period and a lot of water sources were contaminated by dissolved component of cupper metal. It has incredible effect on the micro-organisms and also other living organisms in water environment. For this reason, copper content of industrial wastewater must be decreased to the limits given in the international regulations. There are many methods may be used for he...

Metropolitan city of Konya has the important agricultural activity. For this reason, it has been named “food store of Anatolia” as far as agricultural production is concerned. Many towns around Konya have to draw waters, for irrigation, from lower quality sources including municipal wastewaters. With the application to land of large volumes of minimally pretreated wastewater, it is evident that considerable potential for adverse health effects exists. Microbiological pollution could occur from food crop contam...

Recently, the noisy problem is increasing parallel to the improvement of the technology, which arises in the developed countries and makes the life difficult. It is recently one of crucial environmental problem that it is a sort of pollution, still least known and least struggled in our country. However, the investigations carried out on noise pollution have brought up that the matter is a problem of public health gaining importance increasingly. The aim of this study was noisy measurements, both to determine the ...

Air pollution is a growing environmental problem in the major cities of the world due to growing urbanization, motorization and industrialization, Kathmandu valley is not exception. In the valley (Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktrapur cities), quantity of Particulate Matter (PM10) is higher than WHO guideline (20 $\mu$g/m3 per year \&50 $\mu$g/m3 per 24 hour). This paper presents four years (2003-2006) monitoring and analysis of PM10 from 6 different stations of Kathmandu valley as well as tried to correlate among PM...

Due to limitations in the spatial and temporal coverage of air quality measurements, monitoring data normally are not sufficient as the sole basis for demonstrating the adequacy of emission limits for existing sources. Also, the impacts of new sources that do not yet exist can only be determined through modeling. Dispersion models are used in all the basic applications such as the determination of the effect of a pollutant source on environment, calculation of ground level concentrations and regulatory control of ...

Modelling of air pollution parameters, according to the meteorological data is a necessary for preventing the repetition of same problems. During recent years, neural network-based models have been shown to be powerful tools in the simulation of variations in air quality and provide better alternative to statistical models because of their computational efficiency and generalization ability. In this study, prediction of future daily SO2 concentrations in Konya (Turkey) using MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) artificial ...

The studied area is 1960 km2 and located in Zanjan province and is placed between 48Вє, 48Вґ to 49Вє, 30Вґ east longitude and 35 Вє, 57Вґ to 36Вє, 36Вґnorth latitude. Human pollutants are mainly home and human sewage which is discharged by absorbent wells that seems to be one of the best ways of discharging sewage. On the other hand in the places where the underground water recharge the river, there is a possibility of having some environmental problems in the nearly future.Presently, the amounts of BOD5 and COD a...